Connectivity is experiencing a revolution. Low Earth orbit (LEO) broadband has moved with lightning speed from a futuristic concept to reality, and it’s rapidly becoming a cornerstone of modern connectivity.

SpaceX's Starlink, the leader and only commercially operational player in this field, besides OneWeb, already serves almost 5 million subscribers in 117 countries. The company has provided critical emergency infrastructure during recent hurricanes and wildfires.

This rise of LEO broadband shows no signs of slowing down: Starlink is further pushing the envelope on network capacity as it prepares to deploy its latest V3 satellites on the new, much larger Starship rocket. V3’s supposedly twentyfold increased capacity would even enable gigabit services once sufficiently deployed. Provided Starlink’s claims of “breakeven cash flow” stand investors’ scrutiny, the company will also have the funds to further expand its constellation and service offering. Competitors such as Amazon's Project Kuiper and China's burgeoning LEO programs are hot on Starlink’s heels, and in the coming years could provide robust alternatives.

But what does this satellite internet boom mean for the terrestrial broadband industry? There’s no doubt that satellite will bring both opportunities and challenges, forcing operators like CableLabs’ member companies to ask some hard questions.

A new addition to CableLabs’ strategy brief series on LEO discusses how to analyze the technology’s capacity and examines scenarios for Starlink’s ramp-up. It is available exclusively for CableLabs member operators here.

Below, we provide a high-level look at five considerations for terrestrial broadband operators to keep in mind and also pose five questions for them to consider as the satellite broadband industry moves forward.

Competitive Threat

Starlink’s growing capacity will drive further rising broadband subscriber numbers. So far, most Starlink customers have no terrestrial alternative, so the company’s offer effectively expands the broadband market to remote areas. But once Starship deploys V3 at scale, there would be enough capacity for Starlink to become a significant competitor for home broadband subscribers everywhere.

Question 1: Where is cable market share vulnerable to LEO providers, and how far?

We examine this further in the new members-only strategy brief.

Truly Seamless Converged Low-Latency Connectivity

Starlink already has nine global mobile network operator (MNO) partners beginning to complement its terrestrial coverage with satellite-based connectivity. In the mid-term, this broadened coverage will provide “direct-to-cell” service to any reasonably up-to-date phone anywhere, making dead zones a thing of the past and ubiquitous connectivity table stakes. At the same time, optical free space communication between satellites will enable a major leap in reducing latency.

Question 2: How can broadband operators with a converged network vision integrate LEO as a complementary layer to enhance their service offerings?

“Coopetitive” Ecosystem Building and Coordination

It seems obvious that (at most) a few global LEO connectivity providers will prevail, and any communications service provider (CSP) wanting to offer seamless connectivity will have to partner. Any LEO satellite will be serving on its orbit as a “cell tower in the sky” for many operators in quick succession, and LEO players will simultaneously be competing with CSP’s core service offering.

Question 3: What are the best ecosystem and competitive strategies with LEO players in the mid and long-term? How can we coordinate spectrum use and allocation across borders?

Transactional Connectivity and Capacity Trading

Highly automated transactional trading will become a key mechanism to ensure that the emerging multi-layered ecosystems provide users with the right connectivity option at any time, using, for example, automated roaming and dynamic spectrum allocation.

Question 4: How can networks and users negotiate connectivity and capacity transactions effectively?

Edge Computing

LEO satellite constellations will effectively function as a new edge location with high computing capacity that is only one millisecond-hop away from any point on the planet. Already now, compute capacity on satellites handles complex image processing tasks. Amazon Kuiper has announced to integrate their offer with their AWS footprint. CableLabs’ Next-Gen Systems team is exploring the possibilities of this “Cloud in the Sky.”

Question 5: What use cases will this new satellite edge enable? How can it interplay with the evolving terrestrial edge footprint?

How CableLabs Can Help

This exciting time demands proactive engagement to stay ahead of the curve and chart a successful course towards sustained differentiation.

CableLabs experts have insights, tools and research at the ready to help our members deepen their understanding of the LEO broadband landscape, assess market risks and competitive threats, and drive innovation. Whether you’re a strategist, an engineer, a product manager or just someone fascinated by the LEO possibilities, the message is clear: Pay attention, engage with the experts and be ready to adapt. LEO broadband isn’t just on the rise — it’s redefining the horizon.

For more in-depth analysis, check out the new members-only strategy brief about LEO and subscribe to the CableLabs blog to stay tuned for future updates.